In-country Studies

As part of the RSWMP, the following national activities were selected to respond directly to priority needs established on a country-specific basis. Hereby an overview of the activities under implementation in each country:

• Algeria "Municipal Solid Waste Cost Recovery system in Algeria"
• Egypt "Strategic Framework for the Solid Waste Recycling in Egypt"
• Jordan "Strategic Framework for Private Sector Participation in Municipal SWM"
• Lebanon "Legal Framework for Solid Waste Management in Lebanon"
• Morocco "Development of Solid Waste Recycling Activities in Morocco"
• Palestinian Territories "Master Plan for Healthcare Waste Management for the Palestinian Authority"
• Syria "Reinforcement of National and Local Capacities for Enhanced Municipal Solid Waste Management in Syria"
• Tunisia "Inter-communal Solid Waste Management in Tunisia"

The consultants had to establish a team of specialists including a project manager and experts with relevant experience and competence in solid waste management issues. The national Consultant also formed partnerships with national and international firms and individual experts to strengthen their knowledge and experience.

To find appropriate responses to the challenge of managing solid wastes in the region and to ensure local acceptance and follow up, the Consultant had to use a participatory and consultative approach. To this end a number of stakeholder consultation events were organized at country level.  Advisory groups consisting of members from all concerned parties were also established. Direct contacts were established between the Consultants and the International Consortium to ensure coordination and synergy among the national and regional components as well as the consideration of data, decisions and guidelines from the overall project. 

For details please contact the Regional Management Group.  

Algeria - Municipal Solid Waste Cost Recovery system in Algeria-

Within the national activity in Algeria a baseline analysis was conducted of the current situation with regards to  tax and costs in relation to MSWM.  Recommendations were proposed for an approach to improve the level of costs coverage for municipal solids wastes management, mainly through the design and implementation of a practical system for determination of the tax basis and the recovery of the household wastes collection fee and any other fees as for, for example, the treatment or the elimination of wastes.

Five (5) tasks have been developed within the national activity for Algeria:

Task 1: Diagnosis of the current situation;

Task 2: Identification and evaluation of recovery systems;

Task 3: Development of the selected Alternative;

Task 4: Assistance in selecting and applying one of the Regional SWM Guidelines; and

Task 5: Presentation and dissemination of the results of the national activity.

The main result expected of this study was the elaboration and the presentation of a household and assimilated wastes management fee recovery system produced from commercial and handicrafts activities at the level of the municipalities. This result shall allow the following:

· The implementation of the recovery system and necessary tools;

· The recognition of current and future economic and financial costs for waste management for a gradual adaptation of household wastes collection fee and improvement of its recovery rate;

· The effective and gradual implementation of the polluter-payer principle for the coverage of municipal wastes management costs and financing household wastes management based on the recovery of costs; 

· Significant reduction of state budget expenditures;

· Increase of financial resources of municipalities and improvement of services quality;

· A data base and elements necessary to investigate the possibilities of service delegation; and 

· Know-how acquisition in terms of costs calculation and taxes recovery.

The National Activity produced the following outputs:

· An Inception report in which the current finance and cost recovery situation, and the existing legal and institutional framework for solid waste management in Algeria were analysed and the recovery systems identified and assessed.

· The second phase of the project consisted of the development of the selected alternatives and these were detailed in the Second Phase Report.

· A two-day workshop in Algiers was held at the end of the project to present and disseminate the outcomes of the project and to highlight key findings and lessons learnt. This workshop was attended by 25-35 participants representing key stakeholders and parties involved in solid waste management in Algeria.

The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the Terms of references.

Selection of Reports :

-R2 Rapport Phase2 (Français)

- Rapport Phase 3 (Français)

- Rapport Atelier final (Français)

-TOR-Algeria-NA (Français)

Egypt-Framework for the Solid Waste Recycling in Egypt-

The main objective for the national activity in Egypt was to design a strategic framework for the development of the solid waste recycling sector in Egypt, with a particular focus and action plan for plastic recycling according to a certain methodology.

A participatory and consultative approach was adopted for the execution of this activity. This included a number of stakeholder consultation events being held as well as the consideration of data, decisions and guidelines from the overall project RSWMP, from key institutional players and other stakeholders in Egypt.

The scope of work for the national activity consisted of six main tasks that were conglomerated in the following four phases:

Phase I consisted of tasks 1 and 2. Task 1 included the collection of basic data and information on the waste recycling sector in Egypt. This included the legal and regulatory issues, current waste recycling activities of major recyclable materials (including plastics, paper, paperboard, glass and metals) and the projections for the future (Years 2008 and 2013), and the compilation of information regarding stakeholders and key institutional players. Task 2 included the identification and assessment of feasible options to enhance the recycling sector activities.

Phase II (Task 3) developed a framework for a national enhanced recycling strategy based on the recommendations of phase I.

Phase III comprised of tasks 4 and 5. These tasks developed an implementation plan for the development of a pilot scale plastic recycling sector (Task 4). This will be carried out under consideration of the market situation for plastics in Egypt.  In Task 5 the enabling activities for the plastic recycling at a pilot scale were identified and selected in full consultation with the EEAA and the major stakeholders.

Phase IV (Task 6) This phase included the Consultant’s participation in the national training course conducted by the IC on two selected Regional Guidelines.  The consultants also assisted in the identification and implementation of an application for the Regional Guidelines in Egypt in line with the overall project RSWMP, and implemented a two-day on-the-job training course.  The training course was on the implementation of the Regional Guidelines and used the regional training manual and modules prepared by the IC in order to ensure the effective application of the selected guidelines at country level.  20-25 participants from relevant national and local institutions in Egypt attended.

 A two-day workshop was held in Cairo at the end of thie project to present and disseminate the outcomes of the work carried out and to highlight key findings and lessons learnt. This workshop was attended by 25-35 participants representing key stakeholders and parties involved in solid waste management in Egypt.

 The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the Terms of references.

Selection of Reports :

-P-8 Presentation 1 (English)/(Arabic)

-P-9 Presentation 2 (English)/(Arabic)

-P-10 Presentation 3 (English)/(Arabic)

-P-11 Presentation 4 (English)/(Arabic)

- TOR-Egypt-NA (English)

- Inception Report (English)

- Interim Report (English)

- Report on Guidelines (English) / (Arabic)

- Project’s Final Report (English)

- Current Situation (Arabic)

- Strategy Report (English) / (Arabic)

- Dissemination Workshop (English)

Jordan-Strategic Framework for Private Sector Participation in Municipal SWM-

The RSWM Project consisted of the development of regional guidelines and modules and their application at the beneficiary country level and will also include the application of these guidelines/modules through so called national activities using the approach of “learning by doing”.  Each national activity consists of (a) in-country delivery of elements prepared at the regional level; and (b) the preparation of case studies in response to national critical priority needs (e.g. the preparation of action plans, development of strategic framework for PSP, and assessment of some key sectors such as recycling and recovery activities, hospital waste management, etc.). Within this context, the Jordan Ministry of Environment requested the assistance of the World Bank for Developing a Strategic Framework for Private Sector Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management and a detailed action plan for implementation of effective private sector participation

The main objective of the national activity’s study was the establishment of a strategic framework for PSP in Jordan. More specifically, this activity included:

i) the analysis of the existing PSP situation for the solid waste management services in Jordan

ii) the Development of a Strategic Framework for Private Sector Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management.

iii) Development of a detailed action plan for implementation of effective private sector participation in SWM sector in Jordan and

iv) the assistance to institutions concerned in the choice and application of one or two regional guidelines established within the framework of the regional element of the Project and

The outputs of the “National Activity” were:

· An Inception report in which the current solid waste management situation; the existing legal and institutional framework; the current finance and costs aspect for solid waste management; and the involvement of the private sector in waste management services were reviewed and assessed.

· The 2^nd Phase report consisted of the development of a Strategic Framework for Private Sector Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management. The report assessed the needs and capacity and the future expectations on municipal solid waste management and presented the necessary steps for providing future solutions on solid waste management. It also showed the necessary framework conditions for attracting private sector participation in solid waste management services. It proposes an overall PSP strategy for the MSW sector in Jordan.

· Organisation and presentation of two, 2 day national training workshops on Integrated SWM focusing on selected priority issues in order to disseminate the results and products of the national activity to a wider audience.

The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the Terms of references.

Selection of Reports :

-Overview of Legal framework in Jordan (English)

- Inception Report (English)

-Phase 2 report (English)

-Phase 3-Zarqa report (English)/(Arabic)

- Final Report (English) / (Arabic)

-Action plan (Arabic)

-TOR-Jordan-NA (English)

Lebanon - Legal Framework for Solid Waste Management in Lebanon-

Within the Regional Solid Waste Management Project and the allocated National Activity for Lebanon the World Bank is intending to reinforce national and municipal capacities in Lebanon for the adoption of integrated solid waste management practices

For this purpose the national activity aimed to bring assistance and support to the Ministry of Environment by an ISWM legal framework and strengthening of capacities in selecting preferred SWM systems and in negotiating private sector contracts.

More specifically, this national activity consisted of the following tasks:

Task 1: Strengthening of the Existing SWM Legal Framework

Task 2: Development of national and municipal capacities for applying, enforcing and monitoring the strengthened legal framework

Task 3: Development of an economic model with relevant implementing tools that assist in selecting preferred SWM systems and defining costs

Task 4: Assistance in selecting and applying one or two Regional SWM Guidelines

Outputs

The outputs of the “National Activity” were:

• The draft SWM Legal Framework including a brief note on the assessment of the existing legal framework, the draft SWM law and relevant implementing instructions.

• The 2nd Phase report consisted of the development of an economic model and a draft training program..

• Planning and presentation of two, 2 day national training workshops on Integrated SWM focusing on selected priority issues in order to achieve wider dissemination of the national activity results and products

The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the terms of references.

Selection of Reports:

- Economic model for SWM in Lebanon (English)

- R1- First report (English)

- RG-FCR-Report (English)

- RG-PSP-Report (English)

-  Report economic model (English)

- Evaluation report task2 (English)

- NWS1-Training Manual-FINAL (English)

- Final Report (English)

- R5-NWS2-Training Manual-FINAL (English)

- R6-SWM Law (Arabe)

- R7-SWM Law (English)

- R8-Amendment Customs Law (English-Arabic)

- R9-Decree Rental Value (English-Arabic)

- R10-Decree Utility Bills (English-Arabic)

- TOR-Lebanon-NA (English)

Morocco -Development of Solid Waste Recycling Activities in Morocco-

The RSWM Project consists of the development of regional guidelines and modules and their application at the beneficiary country level and will also include the application of these guidelines/modules through so called national activities using the approach of “learning by doing”.  Each national activity consists of (a) in-country delivery of elements prepared at the regional level; and (b) the preparation of case studies in response to national critical priority needs (e.g. the preparation of action plans, development of databases, and assessment of some key sectors such as recycling and recovery activities, hospital waste management, etc.). Within this context, the Moroccan Secretariat d’Etat à l’Environnement requested the assistance of the Bank for the preparation of an action plan aiming at the development of solid waste recycling sector

The main objective of the national activity’s study was the establishment of a national action plan for the development of the solid waste recycling sector in Morocco. More specifically, this mission included:

Task 1:   the analysis of the existing situation for the solid waste recycling sector in Morocco;

Task 2:   the assessment of potentialities and outlets of recycling activities in the country;

Task 3:   the establishment of a national action plan for the promotion of the solid waste recycling sector ; and

Task 4:   the assistance to institutions concerned in the choice and application of one or two regional guidelines established within the framework of the regional element of the Project.

The outputs for the tasks undertaken were:

· A diagnostic report (“Diagnostique de la Situation Actuelle”) that identifies the extent of recycling activity in Morocco currently.  The document includes a review of the quantity of recyclable materials that are generated in the country, the entities and individuals currently engaged in the sector, the structure of the sector (including existing legal, financial, institutional and social frameworks as well as government and non-government stakeholders) and the opportunities for enhanced recycling.

· Preparation of an Action Plan (“Plan d’Action”).  The Action Plan makes recommendations for 17 actions that were identified to be taken forward to enhance the level of recycling in Morocco.

· Planning and presentation of a workshop in order to disseminate the results and products the work carried out for this national activity.

The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the Terms of references.

Selection of Reports:

- TOR-Maroc-NA (Français)

- Rapport mission 1 (Français)

- Rapport mission 2 (Français)

- Rapport plan d’action (Français) / (Arabic)

- Rapport application -Guide-psp-cuc (Français)

Palestinian Territories -Master Plan for Healthcare Waste Management for the Palestinian Authority-

The selected national activity for Palestine consists in consultancy services to promote the adoption of sustainable integrated healthcare waste management (HCWM) in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in order to provide a hygienic and environmentally sound medical waste management service for the community.  This involved the following tasks

i) development of an overall Master Plan for the treatment and disposal of Healthcare Waste in line with the National Waste Management Strategy;

ii) provision of sufficient information to justify further financing and implementation of the Master Plan to aid decision makers within Government; and

iii) assistance to the relevant institutions in the selection and application of one of the regional guidelines prepared under the regional component of the RSWMP.

The scope of work performed by the consultant included the following tasks:

· Task 1: Investigation and Assessment of the current system in Palestine;

· Task 2: Definition and Classification of healthcare waste;

· Task 3: Estimation of Generation and avoidance of healthcare wastes;

· Task 4: Elaboration of Practical Guidelines for the Management of healthcare wastes;

· Task 5: Proposal of a National Master Plan for healthcare wastes management;

· Task 6: Feasibility report for the implementation of the plan; and

· Task 7: Assistance in selecting and applying one of the Regional SWM Guidelines.

The outputs of this work were:

· A comprehensive analysis of the current situation took into consideration the generation, treatment and disposal of healthcare waste in Palestine.

· A draft of a national Healthcare Waste Management Plan including a comprehensive system for the collection and treatment of healthcare waste in accordance with Palestine legislation as well as international standards and directives, including the necessary infrastructure to separate, collect, transport and treat the healthcare waste and general guidelines for healthcare waste management.

· A detailed Feasibility Report for the implementation of the Plan, which includes among others :

i) an analysis of the relevance of the preferred project option;

ii) an assessment of the social, economic and environmental sustainability of the preferred option; and

iii) a draft financing plan for the preferred option;

The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the Terms of references.

Selection of Reports:

- Current situation (English)

Syria -Reinforcement of National and Local Capacities for Enhanced Municipal Solid Waste Management in Syria-

In Syria, MSWM (Municipal Solid Waste Management) and its environmental impacts have not been considered as a priority issue for years. This was mainly due to a lack of awareness of decision makers and of national and local capacities in this field

Within the Regional Solid Waste Management Project and the allocated National activity for Syria the World Bank is intended to reinforce national and municipal capacities in Syria for the adoption of integrated solid waste management practices.

More specifically, this national activity consisted of:

i) Review and evaluation of the current Municipal Solid Waste Management situation and main issues in Syria with focus on non hazardous industrial wastes;

ii) Design and development of an electronic national data base on MSWM in Syria with concrete application for Hama Governorate;

iii) Preparation of technical, environmental and socio-economic study for enhanced disposal practices of MSW in Syria including the preparation of technical guidelines and generic tender documents for upgrading existing open dumpsites;

iv) Organization and financing of training workshops to reinforce national and local capacities in the field of municipal solid waste management; and

v) Assist concerned institutions in applying selected SWM regional guidelines prepared under the regional component of the RSWM Project.

Within the review and evaluation of the current Municipal Solid Waste Management situation bottlenecks have been identified in:

· Waste collection: old vehicles, unqualified and unmotivated staff, some areas not served by a regular collection, widespread practice of outside burning in rural areas;

· Waste transportation: Transport is not optimized : transfer stations can be found only in Damascus and Aleppo;

· Open dumpsites: The vast majority of MSW is mainly disposed in open dumpsites. The only treatment plants are Damascus composting plant and some small scale projects;

· Informal sector: Non-hazardous industrial waste are mainly collected and sorted by the informal sector and the formal private sector is not acting in this field;

· Cost recovery: The cost recovery is very low (about 10% of the costs);

· Public awareness: ´the level of public awareness is low; and

· Capacity building: there is a lack of qualification and capacity in the municipal staff in charge of MSWM.

Within Task 2 of the national activity work an electronic national data base was designed and developed for MSWM in Syria with concrete application for Hama Governorate, the following sub-tasks were under taken:

a) the major existing sources of data and information on municipal solid waste generation and services were assessed at both local and national levels;

b) relevant gaps, needs and weaknesses were identified;

c) potential demand was identified through the use of data, information and related beneficiaries;

d) the developed Data Base Software on MSWM services considered providers of data/information; flow of data, compilation and analysis of collected data; outputs matrix (service coverage, technical/environmental and financial performance indicators, etc.); dissemination of outputs, etc.

e) an institutional and organizational framework was developed to ensure effective and sustainable implementation of thie information system; and

f) a “User Manual” for the proposed Data Base Software (DBS) was prepared.  The proposed Data Base Software and Manual was hoped to be user friendly and produced in Arabic and English interfaces.

The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the Terms of references.

Selection of Reports:

- TOR-NA-Syria (English)

- Report on task 3 (English)

- Report on task 5 (English)

Tunisia -Inter-communal Solid Waste Management in Tunisia-

Within the National activity in Tunisia, an inter-municipal Solid Waste Management Model for four municipalities (Nabeul, Hammamet, Beni Khiar et Dar Chaabane) in the Governorate of Nabeul was developed.

The main objective was to carry out a study to prepare an Inter-municipal Model.  The study involved the identification of the potential areas for joint working and to make realistic and practical recommendations for the promotion of inter-communality and integrated management of municipal wastes at the level of the four selected municipalities and to prepare the required mechanisms for its implementation, so that other Tunisian groups of municipalities may benefit.

8 tasks were developed within the three phase of the national activity for Tunisia:

· Phase 1: Assessment of the current situation of municipal solid waste management at the level of the four municipalities

· Phase 2: Elaboration of an Inter communal Plan for Municipal solid wastes Integrated Management

· Phase 3 : Technical Assistance and Dissemination of Study Findings

The 8 tasks comprised:

Task 1: Analysis and mobilisation of stakeholders for wastes management;

Task 2: Assessment of existing solid wastes management systems;

Task 3: Examining past experiences in inter municipal fields;

Task 4: Assessment of opportunities offered for the adoption an inter-municipal management of wastes in the selected municipalities and development of alternatives;

Task 5: Development of the selected alternative;

Task 6: Elaboration of the integrated management for municipal wastes plan;

Task 7: Assistance in selecting and applying one or two of the Regional SWM Guidelines; and

Task 8:  Dissemination of Study Results and Findings.

The outputs of the “National Activity” were:

§ An Inception report in which the current solid waste management situation, the existing legal and institutional framework, the current finance and costs aspect for solid waste management, the past experiences in inter municipal field and the opportunities offered for the adoption an inter-municipal management of wastes in the selected municipalities and development of alternatives were reviewed and assessed.

§ A 2^nd Phase report within Mission A detailed the development of the selected alternative and the elaboration of the integrated management for municipal wastes plan.

§ Assistance in the selection and application of two of the Regional SWM guidelines and the presentation of two, 2 day national training workshops on Integrated SWM focusing on selected priority issues in order to achieve a wider dissemination of the national activity results and products.

The overall objective, expected results and scope of work are reported in the Terms of references.

Selection of Reports:

- TOR-NA-Tunisia (English)

- Développement de l'intercommunalité (Français)

- Report on Task 3 (English)

- Report on task 5 (English)

- Rapport définitif phase1 (Français)

- Rapport définitif phase2 (Français)

- Rapport définitif phase3 (Français)